{"id":24574,"date":"2018-10-16T21:28:00","date_gmt":"2018-10-16T20:28:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/la-renaissance-a-rome\/"},"modified":"2025-07-03T20:56:14","modified_gmt":"2025-07-03T19:56:14","slug":"renaissance-in-rome","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/en\/renaissance-in-rome\/","title":{"rendered":"Renaissance in Rome"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The <strong>Renaissance<\/strong> (<em>Rinascimento<\/em> in Italian) is a period of great cultural change in Europe that began in Italy at the end of the 14th century, and in the same country developed until the beginning of the 16th century. It constitutes the transition between medieval and modern Europe.<br \/>\nIt is in literature that this movement took its source, with in particular intellectual patronage and an interest in the rediscovery of classical culture and antiquity. It concerned primarily the upper social classes.<br \/>\nIt was in Tuscany that the Renaissance emerged, around <strong>Florence<\/strong> and <strong>Siena<\/strong>, quickly impacting Rome where it was maintained by the Papacy.<\/p>\n<p>It was only at the end of the 15th century that the movement spread to the whole of Italian society and culture. This was the time of its heyday, although the country was plagued by chaos, under foreign incursions and internal struggles, between factions and between cities, especially between supporters of the Pope and those of the Holy Roman Empire.<br \/>\nBeyond Italy, the ideas of the Renaissance spread throughout the rest of Europe, with the development of the Spanish, French, English or Nordic Renaissance. These movements each had their own temporalities and rhythms, with in each region their own characteristics and styles, with the impulse and influence of stays of great masters and great artists.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 50%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-24574 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-medium'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/mose-michelangelo-san-pietro-in-vincoli-roma-bestofrome_5575.jpg'><img width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/mose-michelangelo-san-pietro-in-vincoli-roma-bestofrome_5575-300x200.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"The Moses of Michelangelo, San Pietro in Vincoli in Rome\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-29635\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/mose-michelangelo-san-pietro-in-vincoli-roma-bestofrome_5575-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/mose-michelangelo-san-pietro-in-vincoli-roma-bestofrome_5575-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/mose-michelangelo-san-pietro-in-vincoli-roma-bestofrome_5575-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/mose-michelangelo-san-pietro-in-vincoli-roma-bestofrome_5575-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/mose-michelangelo-san-pietro-in-vincoli-roma-bestofrome_5575-400x267.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/mose-michelangelo-san-pietro-in-vincoli-roma-bestofrome_5575.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-29635'>\n\t\t\t\tThe Moses of Michelangelo\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/cappella-di-san-bernardino-pinturicchio-santa-maria-in-aracoeli-roma-bestofrome_4553.jpg'><img width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/cappella-di-san-bernardino-pinturicchio-santa-maria-in-aracoeli-roma-bestofrome_4553-300x200.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Chapel of Saint-Bernardin by Pinturicchio in Santa Maria in Aracoeli in Rome\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-29606\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/cappella-di-san-bernardino-pinturicchio-santa-maria-in-aracoeli-roma-bestofrome_4553-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/cappella-di-san-bernardino-pinturicchio-santa-maria-in-aracoeli-roma-bestofrome_4553-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/cappella-di-san-bernardino-pinturicchio-santa-maria-in-aracoeli-roma-bestofrome_4553-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/cappella-di-san-bernardino-pinturicchio-santa-maria-in-aracoeli-roma-bestofrome_4553-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/cappella-di-san-bernardino-pinturicchio-santa-maria-in-aracoeli-roma-bestofrome_4553-400x267.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/cappella-di-san-bernardino-pinturicchio-santa-maria-in-aracoeli-roma-bestofrome_4553.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-29606'>\n\t\t\t\tChapel of Saint-Bernardin by Pinturicchio in Santa Maria in Aracoeli\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>In <strong>Italy and Rome<\/strong> in particular, the Renaissance was embodied in major works, in art in particular, with great names such as <strong>Michelangelo<\/strong> (in the Sistine Chapel in particular), <strong>Raphael<\/strong> (with the rooms of the apartments of Julius II), and <strong>Leonardo da Vinci<\/strong>. It took shape, for example, in <strong>St Peter\u2019s Basilica<\/strong> in Rome.<br \/>\nThis movement also had the contribution of many foreign artists who came to Rome to learn, but who left their own imprint and food the evolution of the Renaissance. First, let\u2019s mention Fra Angelico, Ghirlandaio, Benozzo Gozzoli, Melozzo da Forl\u00ec, Piero della Francesca, Mantegna. Then emerged Botticelli, Signorelli and Perugino (who all three worked in the Sistine Chapel), and then Antoniazzo Romano, Filippino Lippi, Pinturicchio. Lorenzo Lotto, Sodoma and Sebastiano Del Piombo also came to Rome.<\/p>\n<h2>Pages culture and Renaissance in Rome<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"lcp_catlist\" id=\"lcp_instance_0\"><li class=\"current\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/en\/renaissance-in-rome\/\">Renaissance in Rome<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/en\/renaissance-in-rome\/\" title=\"Renaissance in Rome\"><img width=\"35\" height=\"35\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/pieta_michelangelo_basilica_san_pietro_roma_1565-50x50.jpg\" class=\"classthumblist wp-post-image\" alt=\"Renaissance in Rome\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/pieta_michelangelo_basilica_san_pietro_roma_1565-50x50.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/pieta_michelangelo_basilica_san_pietro_roma_1565-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 35px) 100vw, 35px\" \/><\/a><div class=\"lcp_excerpt\">The Renaissance (Rinascimento in Italian) is a period of great cultural change in Europe that began in Italy at the end of the 14th century, and in the ...<\/div><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/en\/raphael-in-rome-a-genius-of-the-renaissance\/\">Raphael in Rome: a genius of the Renaissance<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/en\/raphael-in-rome-a-genius-of-the-renaissance\/\" title=\"Raphael in Rome: a genius of the Renaissance\"><img width=\"35\" height=\"35\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/autoportrait-de-raffaello-sanzio-et-ami-c1518-louvres-paris-50x50.jpg\" class=\"classthumblist wp-post-image\" alt=\"Raphael in Rome: a genius of the Renaissance\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/autoportrait-de-raffaello-sanzio-et-ami-c1518-louvres-paris-50x50.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/autoportrait-de-raffaello-sanzio-et-ami-c1518-louvres-paris-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/autoportrait-de-raffaello-sanzio-et-ami-c1518-louvres-paris-144x144.jpg 144w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 35px) 100vw, 35px\" \/><\/a><div class=\"lcp_excerpt\">Raffael (1483-1520), eine ikonische Figur der Renaissance, hat in Rom einen bleibenden Eindruck im k\u00fcnstlerischen und architektonischen Bereich hinterlassen, wie z. B. seine bedeutenden Fresken im Vatikan und ...<\/div><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/en\/michelangelo-in-rome\/\">Michelangelo in Rome<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/en\/michelangelo-in-rome\/\" title=\"Michelangelo in Rome\"><img width=\"35\" height=\"35\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/portrait-michel-ange-par-daniele-da-volterra-50x50.jpg\" class=\"classthumblist wp-post-image\" alt=\"Michelangelo in Rome\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/portrait-michel-ange-par-daniele-da-volterra-50x50.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/portrait-michel-ange-par-daniele-da-volterra-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/portrait-michel-ange-par-daniele-da-volterra-144x144.jpg 144w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 35px) 100vw, 35px\" \/><\/a><div class=\"lcp_excerpt\">Michelangelo (1475\u20131564), an iconic artist of the Renaissance, excelled in sculpture, painting, architecture, and poetry. He developed a style characterized by anatomical realism and expressive intensity. In Rome, ...<\/div><\/li><\/ul>\n<h2>Pages monuments and Renaissance<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"lcp_catlist\" id=\"lcp_instance_0\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/en\/main-sights\/churches-of-rome\/\">Roman churches and basilicas<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/en\/main-sights\/churches-of-rome\/\" title=\"Roman churches and basilicas\"><img width=\"35\" height=\"35\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/eglises-de-rome-2025-50x50.jpg\" class=\"classthumblist wp-post-image\" alt=\"Roman churches and basilicas\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/eglises-de-rome-2025-50x50.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/eglises-de-rome-2025-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/eglises-de-rome-2025-144x144.jpg 144w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 35px) 100vw, 35px\" \/><\/a><div class=\"lcp_excerpt\">The section is dedicated to the iconic basilicas and churches of Rome, among the most significant and fascinating in a city that counts over 400 of them. Beyond ...<\/div><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/en\/site\/saint-peters-basilica\/\">Saint Peter&#8217;s Basilica<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/en\/site\/saint-peters-basilica\/\" title=\"Saint Peter&#039;s Basilica\"><img width=\"35\" height=\"35\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/basilique-saint-pierre-rome-bestofrome_5673-50x50.jpg\" class=\"classthumblist wp-post-image\" alt=\"Saint Peter&#039;s Basilica\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/basilique-saint-pierre-rome-bestofrome_5673-50x50.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/basilique-saint-pierre-rome-bestofrome_5673-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/basilique-saint-pierre-rome-bestofrome_5673-144x144.jpg 144w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 35px) 100vw, 35px\" \/><\/a><div class=\"lcp_excerpt\">Heart of the Vatican, the Saint Peter's Basilica is a special and essential building in the Christian world, built on the tomb of Saint Peter around 320 AD. ...<\/div><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/en\/site\/vatican-museums\/sistine-chapel\/\">Sistine Chapel<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/en\/site\/vatican-museums\/sistine-chapel\/\" title=\"Sistine Chapel\"><img width=\"35\" height=\"35\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/chapelle-sixtine-vatican-bestofrome-50x50.jpg\" class=\"classthumblist wp-post-image\" alt=\"Sistine Chapel\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/chapelle-sixtine-vatican-bestofrome-50x50.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/chapelle-sixtine-vatican-bestofrome-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/chapelle-sixtine-vatican-bestofrome-144x144.jpg 144w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 35px) 100vw, 35px\" \/><\/a><div class=\"lcp_excerpt\">The Sistine Chapel, located in the heart of the Vatican, is famous for its monumental frescoes, including the vault and Judgment Day by Michelangelo. This masterpiece of the ...<\/div><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/en\/site\/remarkable-palaces-in-rome\/\">Remarkable palaces in Rome<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/en\/site\/remarkable-palaces-in-rome\/\" title=\"Remarkable palaces in Rome\"><img width=\"35\" height=\"35\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/palazzo-barberini-rome-bestofrome_5731-50x50.jpg\" class=\"classthumblist wp-post-image\" alt=\"Remarkable palaces in Rome\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/palazzo-barberini-rome-bestofrome_5731-50x50.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/palazzo-barberini-rome-bestofrome_5731-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/palazzo-barberini-rome-bestofrome_5731-144x144.jpg 144w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 35px) 100vw, 35px\" \/><\/a><div class=\"lcp_excerpt\">The article presents a selection of historic palaces in the city, reflecting its rich architectural heritage. Among them, the Quirinal Palace served as a residence for the popes ...<\/div><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/en\/site\/capitol-square-piazza-del-campidoglio\/\">Capitoline Square<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/en\/site\/capitol-square-piazza-del-campidoglio\/\" title=\"Capitoline Square\"><img width=\"35\" height=\"35\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/piazza-del-campidoglio-roma-bestofrome_3711-50x50.jpg\" class=\"classthumblist wp-post-image\" alt=\"Capitoline Square\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/piazza-del-campidoglio-roma-bestofrome_3711-50x50.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/piazza-del-campidoglio-roma-bestofrome_3711-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/piazza-del-campidoglio-roma-bestofrome_3711-144x144.jpg 144w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 35px) 100vw, 35px\" \/><\/a><div class=\"lcp_excerpt\">At the top of the Capitol hill, which was the spiritual heart of ancient Rome, the square was redesigned by Michelangelo in the 16th century, creating a harmonious ...<\/div><\/li><\/ul>\n<h2>Pages museums and Renaissance<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"lcp_catlist\" id=\"lcp_instance_0\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/en\/museums-in-rome-continued\/\">Listo of museums of Rome by theme<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/en\/museums-in-rome-continued\/\" title=\"Listo of museums of Rome by theme\"><img width=\"35\" height=\"35\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/scultura-palazzo-massimo-museo-nazionale-romano_5100-50x50.jpg\" class=\"classthumblist wp-post-image\" alt=\"Listo of museums of Rome by theme\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/scultura-palazzo-massimo-museo-nazionale-romano_5100-50x50.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/scultura-palazzo-massimo-museo-nazionale-romano_5100-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/scultura-palazzo-massimo-museo-nazionale-romano_5100-144x144.jpg 144w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 35px) 100vw, 35px\" \/><\/a><div class=\"lcp_excerpt\">The various museums to discover in Rome and private galleries, including collections of antiques, thematic, modern and contemporary.\r\nThe four museums described in the Great Museums of Rome page ...<\/div><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/en\/site\/vatican-museums\/\">Vatican Museums : visit and informations<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/en\/site\/vatican-museums\/\" title=\"Vatican Museums : visit and informations\"><img width=\"35\" height=\"35\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/escalier-colimacon-musees-du-vatican_2780-50x50.jpg\" class=\"classthumblist wp-post-image\" alt=\"Vatican Museums : visit and informations\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/escalier-colimacon-musees-du-vatican_2780-50x50.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/escalier-colimacon-musees-du-vatican_2780-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/escalier-colimacon-musees-du-vatican_2780-144x144.jpg 144w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 35px) 100vw, 35px\" \/><\/a><div class=\"lcp_excerpt\">In addition to the famous  Sistine Chapel and the Raphael's Rooms, the Vatican Palaces house the collections of the twelve Vatican Museums, forming one of the largest ...<\/div><\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\">In Italian: <em>Musei Vaticani<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The <strong>Vatican Museums<\/strong> form the largest and most visited museum complex in Italy. It\u2019s easy to get lost there, so it\u2019s best to pre-select the objects and places you want to see.<br \/>\nThe <strong>visit to the Vatican Museums<\/strong>, including the Sistine Chapel, ranks number 4 on our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/en\/top-10-best-sights-in-rome\/\">Top 30 in Rome<\/a>.<\/p>\nOverview of the...","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9823,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[855],"tags":[833,404],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Renaissance in Rome - Rome Visit<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Presentation of the Renaissance and its heritage in Rome, its protagonists such as Michelangelo and Raphael, and itineraries of discovery\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/en\/renaissance-in-rome\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Renaissance in Rome - 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