{"id":31539,"date":"2018-07-16T21:28:11","date_gmt":"2018-07-16T20:28:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/borromini\/"},"modified":"2025-07-05T10:52:00","modified_gmt":"2025-07-05T09:52:00","slug":"borromini-a-particular-figure-of-the-baroque-in-rome","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/en\/borromini-a-particular-figure-of-the-baroque-in-rome\/","title":{"rendered":"Borromini: a particular figure of the Baroque in Rome"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2>A Master of Baroque in Rome<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Francesco Borromini<\/strong>, born Francesco Castelli (September 25, 1599 &#8211; August 2, 1667), was an Italian architect from Swiss Ticino. <br>Alongside his contemporaries Gian Lorenzo Bernini (Bernini) and Pietro da Cortona, he shaped part of the current city, the <strong>Baroque Rome<\/strong> often described as exuberant, developed during the Counter-Reformation.<\/p>\n<p>Influenced by Michelangelo and ancient architecture, Borromini developed an original architectural language, playing with the manipulation of classical, geometric, and symbolic forms. His understanding of architectural structures appears to have been more profound than that of his contemporaries, Bernini and Cortona, whose initial training was primarily linked to other artistic disciplines.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_14885\" style=\"width: 160px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/borromini-ritratto.jpg\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14885\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-14885\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/borromini-ritratto-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"borromini-ritratto\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/borromini-ritratto-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/borromini-ritratto-50x50.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/borromini-ritratto-144x144.jpg 144w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-14885\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Portrait of young Borromini<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>Borromini\u2019s Career in Rome and San Carlino<\/h2>\n<p>Borromini began his career at 19 as a stonemason under <strong>Carlo Maderno<\/strong>, who was in charge of the construction site of <strong>St. Peter\u2019s Basilica in Rome<\/strong>. He distinguished himself there with a brilliant talent for drawing, designing original curves that created striking light contrasts.<\/p>\n<p>At the age of 35, after years of working in the shadow of great masters, he embarked on the ambitious project of <strong>San Carlino<\/strong>, confident in his talent. He offered to work for free for the Trinitarian Community, a poor order, to build a church on the condition of having no constraints. <br>The construction of <strong>San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane<\/strong> began in 1634 and was completed in 1665, including the convent buildings, a cloister, and a wing on Via del Quirinale with the chapter house. The main church was built starting in 1638 above a crypt, with the facade and bell tower completed between 1670 and 1677 by Borromini\u2019s nephew, Bernardo.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/san-carlo-alle-quattro-fontane-roma-bestofrome_6300.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/san-carlo-alle-quattro-fontane-roma-bestofrome_6300.jpg\" alt=\"Church San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane in Rome\" data-id=\"29740\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/san-carlo-alle-quattro-fontane-roma-bestofrome_6300.jpg\" data-link=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/en\/most-beautiful-churches-in-rome\/san-carlo-alle-quattro-fontane-roma-bestofrome_6300-2\/\" class=\"wp-image-29740\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/san-carlo-alle-quattro-fontane-roma-bestofrome_6300.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/san-carlo-alle-quattro-fontane-roma-bestofrome_6300-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/san-carlo-alle-quattro-fontane-roma-bestofrome_6300-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/san-carlo-alle-quattro-fontane-roma-bestofrome_6300-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/san-carlo-alle-quattro-fontane-roma-bestofrome_6300-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/san-carlo-alle-quattro-fontane-roma-bestofrome_6300-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-item__caption\">San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n<h2>Professional Relationships and Rivalries<\/h2>\n<p>After some collaborations with Bernini, notably at St. Peter\u2019s and the Barberini Palace, their relationship deteriorated, giving rise to a rivalry that significantly impacted Borromini\u2019s career. Some historians believe that Bernini, aware of his former collaborator\u2019s talent, may have attempted to hinder his rise.<br \/>He briefly rose to prominence under the pontificate of Innocent X, but upon the latter\u2019s death in 1655, he lost the Vatican\u2019s favor and fell into deep depression. He resumed work on the fa\u00e7ade of San Carlino only ten years later, then completed the Falconieri Chapel in the church of San Giovanni dei Fiorentini.<\/p>\n<h2>A Fragile Temperament and a Tragic End<\/h2>\n<p>Borromini\u2019s temperament likely played a negative role in his career. Unlike Bernini, a skilled courtier, Borromini was melancholic and introverted. He suffered from nervous disorders and became particularly isolated toward the end of his life, withdrawing from certain projects.<br \/>He took his own life on August 2, 1667, by throwing himself on his sword after writing his will in a state of confusion. Shortly before his death, fearing that his rivals might appropriate his work, he had destroyed all his working drawings by fire.<\/p>\n<h2>Legacy and Posthumous Reception<\/h2>\n<p>Borromini\u2019s influence remained limited, except for a few cases such as the Piedmontese architecture of <strong>Camillo-Guarino Guarini<\/strong> and, more broadly, certain achievements of late Baroque in Northern Europe, where his style was occasionally adopted alongside those of Bernini and Cortona.<br \/>However, from the late 19th century, his work sparked renewed interest and was gradually recognized for its architectural inventiveness.<\/p>\n<h2>Borromini\u2019s Works in Rome<\/h2>\n<h3>Borromini\u2019s Main Works<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a name=\"sancarloallequattrofontane\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/en\/most-beautiful-churches-in-rome\/#24-Church-of-Saint-Charles-at-the-Four-Fountains\">San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane<\/a><br \/>In 1634, Borromini received his first major independent commission to design the church, cloister, and monastic buildings of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane (also known as San Carlino). The church was built from 1638 to 1641 and dedicated in 1648 to San Carlo Borromeo. Though small, it is considered a masterpiece of Roman Baroque.<\/li>\n<li><a name=\"oratoriodeifilippini\"><\/a>Oratory of the Philippines<br \/>After the reconstruction of the church of Santa Maria in Vallicella (known as Chiesa Nuova) in the late 16th century, the Oratorians hired Borromini starting in 1637 to build the palace and oratory adjacent to the church.<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" tabindex=\"-1\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a name=\"santivoallasapienza\"><\/a>Sant&#8217;Ivo alla Sapienza<br \/>From 1640 to 1650, he worked on the design of the church of Sant&#8217;Ivo alla Sapienza and its courtyard, near the Palazzo della Sapienza of the University of Rome. He had been initially recommended in 1632 by his then-supervisor at the Palazzo Barberini, Gian Lorenzo Bernini.<span class=\"\"> The narrow site posed a challenge for the architect.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Other Works and Contributions by Borromini<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a name=\"santagneseinagone\"><\/a>Sant&#8217;Agnese in Agone<br \/>Borromini was one of the architects involved in the construction of the church of Sant&#8217;Agnese in Agone in Rome. However, some of his design intentions were altered by subsequent architects, resulting in a building that, unfortunately, reflects a mix of different approaches.<\/li>\n<li><a name=\"sangiovanniinlaterano\"><\/a>Interior of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/en\/site\/basilica-of-st-john-lateran\/\">Basilica of St. John Lateran<\/a> and Lateran Baptistery (frieze)<\/li>\n<li><a name=\"palazzospada\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/en\/site\/remarkable-palaces-in-rome\/#Spada-Palace\">Palazzo Spada<\/a> (Trompe-l&#8217;oeil perspective gallery)<\/li>\n<li><a name=\"palazzobarberini\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/en\/site\/remarkable-palaces-in-rome\/#Barberine-Palace\">Palazzo Barberini<\/a> (upper floor windows and oval staircase)<\/li>\n<li><a name=\"santandreadellefrate\"><\/a>Sant&#8217;Andrea delle Fratte<\/li>\n<li><a name=\"palazzodipropagandafide\"><\/a>Palazzo di Propaganda Fide (side fa\u00e7ade, chapel)<\/li>\n<li><a name=\"santamariadeisettedolori\"><\/a>Santa Maria dei Sette Dolori<\/li>\n<li><a name=\"oratoriosangiovanniinoleo\"><\/a>Oratory of San Giovanni in Oleo (restoration) and nearby <a name=\"sangiovanniaportalatina\"><\/a>San Giovanni a Porta Latina (interior remodeling)<\/li>\n<li><a name=\"sangiovannibattistadeifiorentini\"><\/a>Saint John the Baptist of the Florentines (apse)<\/li>\n<li><a name=\"palazzogiustiniani\"><\/a>Palazzo Giustiniani (with Carlo Fontana)<\/li>\n<li><a name=\"palazzofalconieri\"><\/a>Fa\u00e7ade of the Palazzo Falconieri<\/li>\n<li><a name=\"santaluciaincelci\"><\/a>Santa Lucia in Selci (restoration)<\/li>\n<li><a name=\"sanpietro\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/en\/site\/saint-peters-basilica\/\">St. Peter\u2019s Basilica<\/a> (parts of the Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament, possibly parts of the baldacchino)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Borromini Itinerary in Rome: Map<\/h2>\n<div id=\"travelersmap-container-69e03140279ae\" class=\"travelersmap-container\" style=\"z-index: 1; min-height: 10px; min-width:10px; height:350px;width:100%; max-width:; max-height:; position:relative;\"><div style=\"position:absolute; z-index:-1;top: 50%;text-align: center;display: block;left: 50%;transform: translate(-50%,-50%);\">Travelers' Map is loading... <br> If you see this after your page is loaded completely, leafletJS files are missing.<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Francesco Borromini<\/strong> (1599 \u2013 1667), a major architect of the <strong>Roman Baroque<\/strong>, developed an original style by transforming classical forms with a strong geometric dimension. He designed the church of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, a Baroque masterpiece. A rival of Bernini, his career was marked by tensions and melancholy. His influence remained limited in his time, but his work was rediscovered from the 19th century onward.<\/p>\n<p>  [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15192,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[855,962],"tags":[365,963],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Borromini: a particular figure of the Baroque in Rome - Rome Visit<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Francesco Borromini (1599-1667) was an Italian architect who left his singular and original mark on the baroque architecture in Rome\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bestofrome.fr\/en\/borromini-a-particular-figure-of-the-baroque-in-rome\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Borromini: a particular figure of the Baroque in Rome - 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